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It's Groundhog Day! But how accurate is Punxsutawney Phil?

Doyle Rice
USA TODAY
Groundhog Club co-handler Ron Ploucha holds Punxsutawney Phil as Jeff Lundyholds holds the scroll during the annual celebration of Groundhog Day.  The handlers say the furry rodent has failed to see his shadow, meaning he's "predicted" an early spring.

Spring is coming! At least, that’s what Punxsutawney Phil says.

The groundhog did not see his shadow as he emerged from his burrow in western Pennsylvania at sunrise on Tuesday, thus indicating springlike conditions sooner rather than later.

According to legend, if Phil has seen his shadow, the scared groundhog would return to his burrow and the USA would have been in store for six more weeks of winter.

So, is it time to break out the bathing suits and flip flops?

Unfortunately, based on past weather data, "there is no predictive skill for the groundhog during the most recent years of the analysis," according to a report released Friday by the National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, N.C.

Flipping a coin might be as accurate as Phil. Since 1988, the groundhog was "right" 13 times and "wrong" 15 times. In other words, only 13 times did the national average temperature for the remainder of February match what would be expected based on what the groundhog predicted.

Last year, the fuzzy rodent saw his shadow, so winter should have dragged on another six weeks. Phil received a mixed grade for 2015 — while the nation had a slightly below-average February, it had a warmer-than-average March.

Since 1887, the groundhog has seen his shadow 102 times to forecast a longer winter and not seen it 18 times to predict an early spring. (There is no record of the prediction for 10 times in the late 19th century.)

Although Phil is the most famous hog, other furry forecasters include West Virginia's French Creek Freddie, Georgia's Gen. Beauregard Lee, Ohio's Buckeye Chuck, North Carolina's Sir Wally Wally, Louisiana's Cajun Groundhog, Alabama's Smith Lake Jake and New York's Staten Island Chuck (full name: Charles G. Hogg).

Groundhog Day's origins lie in an ancient European celebration of Candlemas, which is a point midway between the winter solstice and the spring equinox.

Superstition has it that fair weather predicted a stormy and cold second half to winter, as noted in this Old English saying:

"If Candlemas be fair and bright,
Winter has another flight.
If Candlemas brings clouds and rain,
Winter will not come again."

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